Altcoin Explainer

Beginner-friendly summaries of some noteworthy cryptocurrencies.

Please note that these descriptions go into very little technical detail. They do not indicate how far along these projects are, nor the challenges they realistically face. Please do additional research before forming an opinion about any of these altcoins.

0x

0x is an open, permissionless protocol allowing for ERC-20 tokens to be traded on the Ethereum blockchain. It offers a cheaper and faster solution than possible on the Ethereum blockchain directly, and is often used to help build DEXs. Users place their orders off-chain, which removes the need to pay fees. Only the actual transfers of value occur on-chain. Relayers broadcast all the off-chain orders of the 0x network to the rest of the network to match buyers with sellers. 0x is already being used by a number of blockchain projects.

Ark

Ark aims to create an ecosystem of linked blockchains using a technology called SmartBridge -- which allows existing blockchains to interface with one another. This altcoin uses a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus system originally developed by Bitshares. It features 8 second block times, making transactions nearly instantaneous. Several founders are the key developers behind Lisk.

Augur

Augur is a decentralized prediction market built on top of Ethereum. A prediction market allows for the forecasting the outcomes of arbitrary future events (such as who will win an election, or if an earthquake will hit a given city, etc). Reputation is an important part of Augur’s success. By having a mechanism that incentives honest reporting by coin holders, Augur is able to operate with significantly lower fees than a centralized betting platform. Vitalik Buterin is an advisor.

Basic Attention Token

BAT aims to be a decentralized and transparent digital ad exchange. Rather than paying middleman companies like Facebook and Google to run ads, that money can be paid directly from advertisers to users in BAT tokens. Users can then turn around and use that BAT to pay their favorite content providers. Users retain ownership of your browsing data and allow for machine learning algorithms to match that data with relevant ads, without having it tied to your identity. Notably, BAT raised their ICO in under 30 seconds. Brendan Eich, the creator of JavaScript and co-founder of Mozilla and Firefox, is the primary figurehead. It already works with the privacy-focused Brave browser.

Bitcoin Cash

A controversial hard fork of Bitcoin created in August 2017 as a reaction to SegWit being adopted. Bitcoin Cash attempts to solve scalability issues using larger block sizes in order to reduce transaction fees. It is derogatorily referred to as "bcash".

Blocknet

Blocknet aims to be the "Internet of Blockchains". What if the features of one blockchain could function as a service accessible to users of every other cryptocurrency? Blocknet is a general-purpose infrastructure for inter-blockchain services, similar to Ark.

Cardano

Cardano aims to solve a number of issues that Ethereum reportedly has. It has a multi-tiered architecture, where one layer is focused on transactions and accounts and the other layer is for smart contracts. This allows for easier upgrades and enhanced flexibility. It plans to feature on-chain governance, including a treasury where the community can then vote on how to fund the competition. It uses a Proof of Stake system called Ouroboros.

Civic

Civic is a decentralized identity ecosystem, where a user or company can request to verify the identity of another in a safe and cost-effective way that isn't tied directly to their personal information. For example, a user can use Civic to verify with a company that they are a US citizen without providing said documents to that company directly. Vinny Lingham is the CEO.

DASH (formerly XCoin and Darkcoin)

Short for "Digital Cash", this project aims to be a user-friendly payment system. It offers instant transactions (InstantSend), private transactions (PrivateSend) and operates a self-governing and self-funding model that enables the Dash network to pay individuals and businesses to perform work that adds value to the network. Dash's decentralized governance and budgeting system makes it a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO). Dash uses a Proof of Stake consensus mechanism and utilizes a two-tier network. Certain network functions, such as creating new blocks, are handled by the miners. The second tier of the Dash network consists of "masternodes" which perform PrivateSend, InstantSend, and governance functions.

Decred

Short for "Decentralized Credit", Decred is a digital currency that uses a community-based governance model to determine the future of its blockchain protocol. The people who own Decred have a say in how it evolves. It uses a hybrid Proof of Work and Proof of Stake mining system to decentralize the decision-making process. Includes decisions such as whether or not the development team should work on a specific feature, turn on/off existing features, and how to best spend development funds.

Dogecoin

Originally created as a joke referencing the Shiba Inu dog meme, Dogecoin has gone on to reach heights of a 1 billion dollar market cap. It has become a popular coin to tip people over the internet. Dogecoin is a fork of Litecoin.

EOS

A smart contract platform comparable to Ethereum, notable for its year-long ICO. It offers significantly higher throughput (transactions per second), but only achieves this by being far less decentralized.

Ethereum

Ethereum is a smart contract platform which allows decentralized applications to be written on the blockchain using a scripting language. In addition to simple wallet-to-wallet transactions, programs known as "contracts" can also send and receive funds based on programmable logic. This can be used to achieve many purposes, ranging from the creation of new tokens (ICOs), games like CryptoKitties, and replacing trusted third parties found in traditional finance. Ethereum was first proposed in a whitepaper by Vitalik Buterin in late 2013.

Ethereum Classic

ETC refers to the original Ethereum blockchain. A hard fork created what we now call Ethereum on Jul 20th, 2016 due to a major hack known as the DAO incident. The DAO was a smart contract that was intended to work as a venture fund where contributors would get to vote on what projects/proposals get funded. 240 million dollars were raised. Somebody found an exploit in the code and managed to get around 3 million Ether out of the contract. A hard fork was made to return the ETH funds to the original DAO investors.

Golem

A token built on the Ethereum blockchain intended to create a marketplace for unused computer power. It aims to become an open source on-demand decentralized supercomputer network. With Golem, anyone will be able to rent their unused computing resources. Simultaneously, Golem will enable any user to buy computing time from other users to complete computationally demanding task.

ICON

ICON aims to connect different industries. ICON’s platform is best thought of as a blockchain of blockchains. ICON consists of independently-governed blockchains that can function by their own rules but also work with each other.

IOTA

IOTA deviates from most cryptocurrencies in that it does not use a traditional blockchain. Instead it runs on a system called "The Tangle", which leverages a data structure called a directed acyclic graph (DAG) to create its distributed ledger protocol. This allows for free transactions of any size, without the need for miners or blocks. It is named after "Internet of Things", a buzzword envisioning a future where lots of small objects all around us are connected to the internet.

Komodo

Komodo began as a Zcash fork, and aims to provide anonymity through zero knowledge proofs and security through a Delayed Proof of Work (dPoW) protocol. It has gone on to form an ecosystem with additional functionalities like decentralized trading, atomic swaps and ICOs.

Lisk

Lisk is a blockchain application platform where Dapps run on its own sidechains, and apps are written in JavaScript. Lisk has been integrated into Azure's Blockchain as a Service.

Litecoin

An early fork of Bitcoin. It differs from Bitcoin in that it has a faster block time (2.5 vs 10 minutes), a larger maximum supply of coins and a different hashing algorithm (Scrypt, instead of SHA-256). The Script algorithm is memory-intensive rather than CPU intensive, which discourages the development of ASIC mining hardware.

Monero

A privacy-focused payment system where each transaction has the amount, the sender, and the recipient obscured. Monero is based on the CryptoNote protocol. Because of its privacy, Monero is fungible. The JavaScript implementation of Monero miner Coinhive has made it possible to embed the miner into a website to utilize website visitor's CPU to mine the cryptocurrency. Anonymity requires large resources, primarily memory: Monero transactions take up on average 8 times as much space as a Bitcoin transaction.

NEM

NEM is a business focused cryptocurrency that is not meant to be used as a currency. It features a "Smart Asset System" which allows users to create custom blockchain solutions. Written in Java from the ground up, NEM uses unique methods of Proof of Importance (POI) and Delegated Harvesting to award coins (which uses far less power than traditional mining). It's a fully traceable, not private cryptocurrency.

NEO (formerly Antshares)

Often referred to as the "Chinese Ethereum", NEO is a smart contract platform.

OmiseGo

OmiseGo aims to "Unbank the banked" by providing an array of payment services for individuals and businesses across Asia. It is a decentralized exchange and transaction platform centered in Southeast Asia. Notably, it already has a partnership with McDonald’s Thailand. It's the first Ethereum-based project to exceed a $1 billion USD marketcap. Designed by the creator of Lightning Network and Plasma, Joseph Poon. Vitalik Buterin is a lead advisor.

Ripple

Ripple is a real-time gross settlement system (RTGS) used by a number of traditional banks, although the degree to which banks are using their products is disputed. Some argue that it is not a cryptocurrency at all, given that it is highly centralized and is controlled/pre-mined by the company that created it.

Siacoin

Siacoin is a decentralized cloud storage platform. It stores your data by splitting apart and encrypting data before distributing it across their network. People can rent out their unused harddrive space to earn money. Data is completely private: No one device has an entire file and all the files are copied on numerous devices (so if a harddrive fails your files won’t be lost). Unlike centralized options like Dropbox, the market determines the price.

Steem

Steem can be thought of as a decentralized version of Reddit where you can earn cryptocurrency when your content gets upvoted. It was cofounded by Daniel Larimer, who also founded Bitshares and EOS.

Stellar

Stellar is an open-source, distributed payments infrastructure. It aims to facilitate multi-currency and asset transactions quickly, and very cheaply by using their native token (called Lumens) as a bridge. Cofounded by Jed McCaleb, who was founder of Mt. Gox and co-founder of Ripple.

Tether

A stablecoin claimed by its creators to be backed by one dollar for each token issued. Its value is meant to be pegged to a dollar. It shares ownership with the Bitfinex exchange, and is based on the Omni Layer Protocol.

Tezos

Tezos is a smart contract platform, like Ethereum, which aims to offer some standout features such as: on-chain governance, formal verification of contracts and Proof of Stake consensus.

TRON

A decentralized protocol that aims to be a content distribution platform for the entertainment industry. The project envisions an ecosystem in which creators have the power to freely publish, store, and own their content. The network incentives users to build their own decentralized entertainment applications on top of it. Tron faced criticism for plagiarism in early 2018, because their whitepaper contains open source code from the Filecoin and IFPS whitepapers without citation.

Waltonchain

Platform aiming to help manage supply chains, and improve the logistics of importing/exporting/warehousing small goods in China (and potentially elsewhere). It plans to use RFID chips along with the blockchain to help transparently track products along their supply routes.

Zcash (formerly ZeroCoin)

Intended to be a version of Bitcoin that is more secure, faster, and support cross-chain transactions. It uses zk-SNARK for its privacy, which is later being adopted by Ethereum. It is controversially run by a private company, and 20% of its coins will ultimately be transferred to founders as rewards. Due to its anonymity, Zcash is a fungible token.

Altcoin Explainer

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